Abstract The number two, expressed in the Mayan language as Ca’, represents duality, balance, and relational principles in Mayan cosmology, mathematics, and ritual life. Beyond its arithmetic function, Ca’ embodies concepts of pairings, complementarity, and cosmic harmony. This article explores Ca’ in linguistic, mathematical, ceremonial, cosmological, and comparative contexts, emphasizing [...]

Abstract The number one, expressed in the Mayan language as Hun, represents not only a numerical value but also a foundational principle in Mayan cosmology, linguistics, and ritual life. This article explores the deep significance of Hun through multiple lenses: linguistic meaning, mathematical structure, ceremonial and cosmological symbolism, medicinal and [...]

Introduction In the Maya Tzolk’in calendar, each Maya Nahual reflects a fundamental force of nature and spirit that shapes human existence. The Nahual Ajaw (also written Ahau) is one of the most revered and powerful day signs. Symbolized by the sun, lordship, and illumination, Ajaw represents leadership, wholeness, divine authority, [...]

Introduction In the sacred Maya Tzolk’in calendar, each day sign, or Nahual, embodies cosmic forces that shape both human destiny and the natural world. The Nahual Kawak, represented by the storm and rain, is a symbol of cleansing, release, and transformative renewal. Storms in Maya cosmology are not merely destructive [...]

Introduction In the sacred Maya Tzolk’in calendar, each day sign, or Nahual, represents a cosmic archetype that shapes destiny, natural cycles, and spiritual energies. The Nahual Etzʼnabʼ, symbolized by flint, obsidian, or the knife, embodies the forces of truth, clarity, decision-making, and sacrifice. Its energy is sharp and precise, cutting [...]

Introduction In the sacred Maya Tzolk’in calendar, each day sign embodies a Nahual (Nawal), an archetype expressing forces of nature, cosmic energies, and aspects of human existence. Among them, Kabʼan, meaning Earth, is one of the most dynamic and transformative Nahuales. Symbolized by the planet itself, Kabʼan represents movement, tectonic [...]

Introduction Within the sacred Maya Tzolk’in calendar, each day is represented by a Nahual (Nawal), a spiritual archetype embodying cosmic, natural, and human energies. The Nahual Kibʼ, often associated with waxing, correction, and ritual reparation, holds profound importance in the cycles of introspection and renewal. It embodies the sacred work [...]

Introduction In the sacred Maya Tzolk’in calendar, every day is guided by a Nahual (or Nawal), a spiritual archetype that embodies energies influencing human destiny, natural cycles, and cosmic balance. Among these archetypes, Men, symbolized by the Eagle (and sometimes associated with other great birds of vision), represents clarity, spiritual [...]

Introduction In the sacred calendar of the Maya, known as the Tzolk’in, each day is associated with a Nahual (or Nawal), a spiritual force or archetype that embodies cosmic and earthly energies. One of the most profound and enigmatic Nahuales is Ix, symbolized by the Jaguar. The jaguar has long [...]